BMR represents about 45–70% of daily energy expenditure, depending on age, gender, body size and composition. The amount of energy needed for this purpose in a defined period of time is called the basal metabolic rate ( BMR). Humans need energy for basal metabolism which comprises a set of functions necessary for life such as cell metabolism, synthesis and metabolism of enzymes and hormones, transport of substances around the body, maintenance of body temperature and ongoing functioning of muscles including the heart, and brain function. The unit of energy is the kilojoule (kJ) or megajoule (1 MJ = 1,000 kJ)Ĥ.18 kilojoules are equal to 1 kilocalorie.Īllowing for intestinal absorption and for the nitrogenous parts of protein that cannot be completely oxidised, the average amount of energy released ranges from approximately 16.7 kJ/g for carbohydrates or protein to 29.3 kJ/g for alcohol and 37.7 kJ/g for fats ( FAO: WHO:UNU 2004). ![]() The main sources of energy are carbohydrates, proteins, fats and, to a lesser degree, alcohol. It is released from food components by oxidation. ![]() Energy is not a nutrient but is required in the body for metabolic processes, physiological functions, muscular activity, heat production, growth and synthesis of new tissues.
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